System · Safety · Security Engineering

Engineer
maturity
with one model.

From ad hoc to knowledge-based.

A structured roadmap for organizations transitioning from unstructured engineering activities to fully integrated, continuously evolving practices — across system, safety, and security disciplines.

Discover the model
01
Engineering 0.0
Ad hoc
02
Engineering 1.0
Document based
03
Engineering 2.0
Requirement based
04
Engineering 3.0
Model based
05
Engineering 4.0
Semantic based
06
Engineering 5.0
Knowledge based
6 Stages
3 Disciplines
1 Model
The Model

Six stages toward
integrated engineering.

Each stage represents a meaningful shift in how organizations manage risk, integrate disciplines, and accumulate knowledge — with tangible business gains at every step.

01
Engineering 0.0
Ad hoc
No formalized activities
Decisions rely entirely on individuals. No shared understanding of risks, requirements, or boundaries.
Business Gains

None. This stage offers no sustainable competitive or compliance advantage.

Consequences of Staying
  • Unpredictable project costs and schedules
  • Recurring defects discovered late
  • Inability to demonstrate compliance to stakeholders
  • Onboarding new engineers is slow
  • Knowledge walks out the door when people leave
02
Engineering 1.0
Document based
Document versioning & baselining
Engineering decisions and rationale become traceable through shared documents.
Business Gains
  • Ability to demonstrate baseline compliance to stakeholders
  • Decisions and rationale are traceable over time, reducing dependency on individual memory
  • Shared reference exists for teams to align on scope, requirements, and responsibilities
Consequences of Staying
  • Silent inconsistencies across specifications, safety analyses, and security assessments
  • Significant effort spent reconciling conflicting documents
  • Compliance demonstrations are labor-intensive and must largely be repeated for each project or variant
03
Engineering 2.0
Requirement based
Requirement versioning & baselining
Traceability within each discipline — but disciplines remain siloed, leading to risk opacity.
Business Gains
  • Traceability within each discipline via ALM tools
  • Change impact analysis possible within a single discipline, reducing the risk of regressions
  • More structured compliance evidence for audits and certifications
Consequences of Staying
  • A system change may silently invalidate a safety or a security argument
  • Risk assessments produced in separate silos — no holistic picture
  • Late-stage integration issues remain common
  • Decision-makers lack visibility
04
Engineering 3.0
Model based
Model element versioning & baselining
Activities are integrated across disciplines — but inconsistent vocabularies preserve risk opacity.
Business Gains
  • Models (SysML, AADL, STPA, TARA…) used consistently across disciplines
  • Earlier detection of cross-discipline issues
  • Simulation and automated analysis reduce cost of late design changes
  • Variants managed more efficiently through model reuse
Consequences of Staying
  • "Hazard", "threat", "failure mode" don't map to each other — risk can't be consolidated
  • Teams spend time translating between models rather than engineering
  • Automated consistency checks remain limited — the semantic foundation is missing
05
Engineering 4.0
Semantic based
Semantic versioning & baselining
One vocabulary across all disciplines enables truly risk-centric engineering.
Business Gains
  • Unified, consistent reasoning about risk across all three disciplines
  • Faster and more productive cross-discipline reviews
  • Compliance artifacts generated more automatically from formally defined concepts
  • A single change propagates consistently — no more silent inconsistencies
Consequences of Staying
  • Semantic foundation lives within programs — not the organization
  • Each new project must rebuild or rediscover parts of the knowledge base
  • Lessons learned don't accumulate — full engineering history is not leveraged
06
Engineering 5.0
Knowledge based
Facts & rules versioning & baselining
Continuous integration of engineering knowledge at the organizational level.
Business Gains
  • Validated engineering patterns reused across programs — fast ramp-up on new projects
  • New regulatory requirements integrated with minimal disruption
  • Lessons learned become a lasting organizational competitive advantage
  • AI-assisted engineering and automated compliance become achievable
  • The organization learns and improves beyond individual expert memory
Consequences of Staying

This stage represents the current frontier of engineering maturity. No known business consequence of reaching it.

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Ready to engineer
with one voice?

3SE is community-driven. Explore the framework, the language, and the tooling — and join the movement toward risk-centric integrative engineering.

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